Analysis Of Eric Foner, Olaudah Equiano In Voices Of Freedom

Eric Foner, Olaudah Equiano on Slavery (1789), In Voices of Freedom, Vol 1, Page 65. In this excerpt you are introduced to a young African boy, Olaudau Equiano, who begins to describe his everyday life before being captured. Olaudau, who is the youngest of six sons but not the youngest child, who in which is his sister. As a child, he was raised and trained in both agriculture and war, receiving a great deal of emblems in javelin throwing and shooting. However, at the age of eleven, Olaudau’s life changed forever. One day while the elders went to the fields, two men and a women invaded their camp and swiftly kidnapped Olaudau and his younger sister; thus beginning his life as a slave. â€Å"The first object which saluted my eyes when I†¦show more content†¦Wheatley wrote, â€Å"how well the cry for liberty, and the reverse disposition for the exercise of oppressive power over other agree†, bringing attention to the fact that the colonists were contradicting th emselves by demanding their freedom from Britain but denying slaves their freedom at the same time. Eric Foner, Thomas Jefferson on Race and Slavery (1781), In Voices of Freedom, Vol 1, Page 134 Throughout Jefferson’s notes, Jefferson goes on to explain that he understands that the very concept of slavery goes against his philosophy in which he instilled into the Declaration of Independence. As one of the father of our nation, we the people should expect our leaders to uphold certain standards when it comes to human rights of their vary nation. To quote our fathering document, the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This however, brings up the point on whether or not Jefferson viewed the African slaves as â€Å"all men.† In the excerpt from his notes, Jefferson discusses that he believes that slavery should not exist but he also believed that once a slave is free, he or she can no longer live in the same society as one who which they have slaved for. Eric Foner, Frederick Douglass on the Desire for Freedom (1845), In Voices of Freedom, Vol 1,

Health Care Reform Essay - 1840 Words

Health care reform in the United States is a vital issue. Over the years, multiple Presidents have attempted to address reform but significant political obstacles have prevented any major change since the Social Security Act which established Medicaid and Medicare in 1965 (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2009). On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The premise of this legislation was to increase access to care by allowing more Americans to gain access to coverage and to impact the rising cost of healthcare in the country. After its implementation, between one and three million Americans ages 18 – 26 gained access to health insurance through coverage eligibility†¦show more content†¦There are four categories of quality measures used in pay-for-performance: process measures, outcome measures, patient experience, and structure measures. Process measures evaluate activities which positively aff ect health outcomes for patients. Outcome measures determine the effects the care provided have on the patient. Patient experience encompasses the patients’ satisfaction with the services received. Structure measures evaluate the equipment used by facilities, as well as the personnel employed by the facilities (James, 2012). As of 2016, expenditures for hospital readmissions were estimated at twelve billion dollars a year (Mason et al., 2016). These costs are many times unnecessary and avoidable. Medicare’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program can reduce payments by one percent to hospitals for readmissions for heart attacks, heart failure, or pneumonia in disproportionate amounts (James, 2012). It also will reward the hospitals that exceed the expectations set forth. The wide-ranging changes to healthcare policy impelled hospitals to discover other avenues for mitigating financial risks associated with the new policy. Patient coordination and discharge planning have become central to patient care. Case managers utilize medical homes, home care,Show MoreRelatedHealth Care Reform Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare Financial Reform Proposal Sandra Xavier Grand Canyon University: HCA 240 Professor Tina Block July 8, 2012 Healthcare Financial Reform Proposal I believe healthcare reform is a waste of time and money but I also see that it can be beneficial to many uninsured Americans. First of all, health care costs keep rising and in 2011 the average cost for a family of four increased by 7.3% or $19,393. This is double the cost estimated in 2003, and by 2030 payroll taxes will cover onlyRead More Health Care Reform Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. As Theda Skocpol comments in her book Boomerang: Clinton’s Health Security Effort and the Turn Against Government in U.S. Politics, the Reagan administration instilled a dislike of centralized government in the American people. This was a major reason, according to Skocpol, why the Clinton Administration failed to nationalize â€Å"Health Security†. It was this fear of centralized government and Clinton’s failure to reform Health Care that makes a more centralized social policy unlikely in the nearRead MoreHealth Care and the Reform Essay1082 Words   |  5 P agesHealth insurance was developed to provide guaranteed coverage for sickness, injury and preventable health measures. Currently, the United States is facing a major challenge in controlling the cost of health care and providing coverage for everyone. This is why it is so important for the government to develop a new health care insurance plan. The purpose of this paper is to explore the history of health care, the major improvements made to coverage through the years. Discussing the healthcare reformRead MoreHealth Care Reform Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages but that is impossible with the chaos that is happening in the American health care industry and a serious reform is needed such as the accepting the Patient Protection Affordability Care Act. The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act was signed into law on March 23rd, 2010 by Barrack Obama, but some do not agree with the obamacare are on the fast track to repeal the bill. The law would focuses on the health care reform in the United States by providing better coverage for those with pre-existingRead MoreEssay Health Care Reform1525 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Care Reform There has been a lot of talk and debate lately over Health Care Reform, as people are trying to answer the question – Should a universally accessible health care system be implemented in the United States (US)? This ongoing highly debatable issue remains a hot topic among US citizens from all walks of life, from the very poor to the very wealthy. Health Care Reform affects everyone. The vast majority of the US population is very dissatisfied with the current state of health careRead MoreHealth Care Reform Essay2227 Words   |  9 Pagesintroduced a Health Security Proposal in 1993, which was his attempt for a fundamental reform of the American healthcare system (Longest, 2010). In January of 1993, Clinton announced that he would be putting together a team of experts to review the issue of health care cost and develop a plan to propose to congress (Bok, 1998). On September 22, 1993, Clinton then made a speech to Congress announcing this new health plan (Bok, 1993). In his sp eech, Clinton urged law makers to â€Å"Fix a health care systemRead MoreEssay about Health Care Reform1520 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Universal Health Care System One of the most long-standing health care systems was originated in Germany in 1889 by Otto von Bismarck’s social legislation. Its included bills were the Health Insurance Bill 1883, Old Age and Disability Insurance Bill of 1889, and Accident Insurance Bill of 1883. The National Insurance Act of 1911 in Britain covered most people employed. It also financed dependents if families had contributed for at least five years. This coverage lasted whether familiesRead MoreHealth Care Reform in Politics Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Care Reform in Politics Due to the upcoming presidential election, the two major political parties, and their candidates, have been focusing on the primary problems that the nation will face. Chief among those problems is the future of Medicare, the national health-insurance plan. Medicare was enacted in 1965, under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson, in order to provide health insurance for retired citizens and the disabled (Ryan). The Medicare program covers most people agedRead MoreThe Need for Health Care Reform Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesneeds of their own citizens. The need for health care reform is more evident than ever. The recession of America has caused many people hardship due to many lay-offs and the fact that insurance premiums have risen drastically. Many families are not receiving the health care that they require due to these circumstances. It affects not only the young, but the senior citizens as well. Many people do not qualify for the already present government health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare.Read MoreEssay on The Necessity of Health Care Reform1171 Words   |  5 Pagesuninsured for health care as of 2008 (CDC). This number is too high! What can Americans do about this growing problem? The Republicans and Democrats both have their separate plans for this matter, both of which contain good ideas, but fall short of what this country needs. A mixture of the two plans will solve this country’s health insurance problems. The Republicans have very specific beliefs on health care. They believe in helping out the individual by allowing them to take care of their own

Is Immigration A Problem - 900 Words

Immigration What is immigration? Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence. â€Å"Some people say that immigration is the next major issue the country must face,† but the question remains. Is immigration a problem we must face? There are some bad effects like greater poverty and education costs, but the good certainly outweighs the bad. There are many good outcomes from immigrants, but the top five are: economic gain, increase in cultural diversity, increase in the standard of living in the part of immigrant, a younger workforce, and skilled workers in need sectors. People say that immigrants take all our jobs and leave us with nothing, but in reality immigrants take the job that Americans feel they are too good to do. For example, immigrants take the jobs of trash men, school janitors, and gardeners. Americans as a whole feel as if those jobs are beneath them and they should not have to partake in those types of jobs, but on the other hand Americans do not feel that Immigrants should come in their land and steal their jobs. It has been said that because of immigrant’s minimum wage keeps getting lower. This is not true. Because of immigrants, we are able to get â€Å"consumer goods† at such a low price. Also because immigrants work for less than minimum wage, it cuts the prices of our goods, which allows us to get it for the prices we do. â€Å"When people migrate from one nation to another, the supply of labor in theShow MoreRelatedThe Immigration Problem Of Immigration1735 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween criminal law and immigration law has become increasingly blurred. In many jurisdictions around the world, undocumented immigration was long considered a civil offence in which violation resulted in fines and deportation. Now, however, illegal crossings are often treated as criminal violations carrying overly punitive consequences such as incarceration in harsh detention centers. The ever-evolving assortment of laws and enforcement measures concerning immigration, as well as negative rhetor icRead MoreThe Problem Of Immigration And Immigration1940 Words   |  8 Pagespaper will examine the problem of Immigration and Immigration Law. I will first discuss what Immigration Law is and how it works, then I will define the number one problem of immigration laws, â€Å"illegal immigration† and why it’s so important to follow procedures. It will also address the consequences after violating the laws. Next the paper discusses three policy solutions to the problems of illegal immigration: Legalization of Immigrants, Strengthen Border Security, and Immigration Amnesty. The paperRead MoreImmigration Problem Of Illegal Immigration1530 Words   |  7 Pagescountry has its own unique problems. One of its greatest problems is that of illegal immigration. Recently, the country has been made aware that its illegal immigration problem that it is working so hard to correct, is frankly failing. To date, it has seemingly not done its best to correct the issue though. Americ a must fix the major problem of illegal immigration before it becomes too out of hand. The existing American immigration policies fail at regulating immigration from the Mexican border dueRead MoreThe Problem Of Illegal Immigration1508 Words   |  7 Pagesshould first know what are the causes then they can suggest solutions to fix the problem or block it. Illegal immigration has been a problem that has plagued the United States for many years. Most people wish to find solutions to help the United States to prevent illegal immigrations. Since the number of illegal immigrants is increasing and there have not been any positive solutions to prevent or reduce this problem, many researchers keep researching for helpful solutions. Although the United StatesRead MoreThe Problem Of Illegal Immigration1046 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, illegal immigration has been a major issue that has affected many civilians in America. This problem has been made from migrates who try to enter the count ry of America without any form of identification, currency, education, or medical stability. These immigrants also bring disease, drugs, weapons, and cartels. The main problem America is having with illegal immigrants is that they are difficult to provide for. Many migrants are using the government as a source of income. Our economy canRead MoreImmigration Is A Big Problem1874 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration is a big problem in the United States. This paper analysis the people immigrate to U.S. in legal and illegal ways and the cause of it are the safe and economic problems in their home country. The legal immigrants can have most of the same rights as a U.S. citizens and have more opportunities. However, illegal immigrants don t have the same right and also increase the criminal problem in the U.S. . The cost of illegal immigration control is the serious problem for United Stated governmentRead MoreThe Problem Of Illegal Immigration2622 Words   |  11 Pagesunfortunately some we do not hear about ever again. Illegal immigration occurs around the whole world. People come from China, Japan, Ireland, Cuba, El Salvador, but where we hear where they come from the most is from Mexico. Many of them mainly come to have a better life or achieve the â€Å"American Dream† and if not for them, then they send their children so they can have a decent education and then they can help their family out. Now, illegal immigration is a serious issue that has been trying to be dealtRead MoreThe Problem Of Illegal Immigration3985 Words   |  16 PagesIllegal immigration, particularly of unaccompanied minors and single mothers, has increased to an unmanageable level and become a contentious and confusing political topic. This paper will effort to outline the current situation by providing background of the issue here in the US, describe the drivers that lead to the peoples’ emigration from their largely Central American home countries – including an examination of US responsibility in t he destabilization of these countries, - and what measuresRead MoreThe Growing Problem Of Illegal Immigration871 Words   |  4 Pages2016 The Growing Problem of Illegal Immigration Every year, millions of immigrants pour into the United States illegally. Are there any possible solutions to this trend? Immigrants cross the border either by the means of, swimming, using fake documents or by the means of using work visas. â€Å"Nearly half of the 12 million-plus illegal aliens in America arrived legally with non-immigrant visas,† said David Seminara, a tenured member of the U.S. Foreign Service (Illegal Immigration). Usually afterRead MoreThe Immigration Problem Of The United States1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Solution to Our Immigration Problem: Expedite the Process The United States of America is facing a huge dilemma. This is the current immigration process and legalization of illegal migrants. It seems like nowadays immigration is all we hear about and how it is the only policy on which our population cares about. Which is sensible, because of all the refugees coming into America seeking asylum from their war torn countries. America has always been a glittering beacon to immigrants in foreign

Misconception of the God of Lighting Marvels Version

Who fits in the description of a blonde blue-eyed god, carries an electric hammer that can crush mountains and flies the god through the air, and talks in an old English Shakespeare speaking? That would be the famous Norse God of Lighting, Thor, or at least in the Marvels version he is like that in the movie Thor. Marvels version of Norse Mythology is actually different from the actual mythology which results a misconception of the myth to the people who watch the movie Thor. People sometime believe that Marvels version of Norse Mythology is the actual myth of Norse Mythology itself, because they believe that Marvel is telling the true tales in their own way. They sometime have forgotten that the movie Thor is an artist interpretation†¦show more content†¦As I asked him more questions, there were signs that his knowledge about Norse Mythology had Marvel’s elements mixed in it therefore caused misconceptions about Norse Mythology. Another example of people mistaking th e mythology from Marvel would be one of my friends. I was asking her opinion about a story I was making based on Norse Mythology. The topic was about the legend of Thor, particular his weapon Mjà ¶lnir, as I read to her the proprieties of the hammer. Thors iconic hammer, can only is held when hes wearing the iron glove Jà ¡rngreipr according to its lore. However, she was confused for a moment as she heard the description. She questioned it because she thought only those worthy could hold and wield the hammer as she recalled the information from the movie. That was Marvel’s version, the lore explains that the mythology-Thor himself couldn’t even wield the hammer if he wasn’t wearing those gloves. The requirements about the hammer were changed most likely because the concept of those who were worthy fits in a genre about a story of heroes and worthiness than using a magic glove to lift Mjà ¶lnir. Like my brother, she had mixed Marvels elements in Norse Mytholog y, especially beings like Thor even though their minor, but important details. Thor is the god of thunder and said to be the strongest of all men and gods in both Marvel’s and Norse Mythology. He is described to be a protector, and a hero for

The Repetition of Numerical Values in Myths and Literature free essay sample

Navajo tale Changing Woman and the Hero Twins after the Emergence of the People is a perfect example of archetype (model) in ancient, and not so ancient, mythology. Containing within the story of its pages the repetitive use ofa numerical value, a father god and sons of the father god, and heroes who must overcome dramatic obstacles while obtaining help from outside sources, Changing Woman and the Hero Twins places itself among a rich history of similar myths and folklore from around the globe, both secular and religious. One of the major similarities between this tale and others in worldwide lore is its epetitive use of a numerical value, in this case the number four. From the very first paragraph, where after the monsters have been eating the people there were only four persons remaining alive (Changing 36), to the four places of danger (Changing 40) that the Hero Twins must overcome by deceiving each of the subjects thereof four times in the middle of the tale (Changing 41), to the four monsters Old Age, Cold Woman, Poverty, and Hunger spared death at the end (Changing 46-47), the number four figures prominently throughout. We will write a custom essay sample on The Repetition of Numerical Values in Myths and Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In fact, nearly very gesture in the entire story seems to fail to culminate into any real action until the fourth time it is advanced. For instance, at the beginning of the narrative it takes Talking God four calls to the last four people remaining alive before he finally decides to stand before them (Changing 36). Later, when Talking God and Calling God create Changing Woman and White Shell Woman, they cannot seem to accomplish the task until the fourth time they enter and raise the buckskin, after which the two females (who are actually somehow one) emerge in human form from images of omen wrought in turquoise and white shell, respectively (Changing 37). Even the major antagonist of the story, Yeitso, is not immune from the predictability of the obsessive-compulsiveness of the repetitive, ritualistic four. As the four holy people say to the Hero Twins, advising them on the habits of the said monster, They said that he showed himself every day three times on the mountains before he came down, and when he showed himself for the fourth time he descended from Tsotsil to Tosato to drink (Changing 44). Unfortunately, the twins use this advice less advantageously than they should. As the narrator states, even though Yeitso kneels down to drink four times from a lake, The brothers lost their presence of mind at the sight of the giant drinking, and did nothing while he was stooping down (Changing 45). Understanding the lack of drama that would have followed from a surprise ambush and the easy killing of the main terror of the tale without a fght (though compared to the twins father, Yeitso actually doesnt seem so terrible), the twins can be forgiven for their temporary, fear-induced inaction. The repetition of numerical values is a common factor in historical myth and eligious texts. A text that uses this repetition extensively is the Christian Bible. The number seven is used at the beginning of the text, in the second chapter of Genesis, to describe the week it took for God to create the world six days for Him to create it , and one for Him to rest (Holy 2). The number seven is also used at the end of the text, when John introduces his apocalyptic book of Revelation by addressing it to the seven churches in the province of Asia (Holy 867). The number forty also appears early and later in the text, first in the Old Testament to describe Noahs forty ays and nights of rain while in the ark in Genesis chapter seven (Holy 5), and later in the New Testament to describe Jesus forty days and nights of fasting in the wilderness in Matthew chapter four (Holy 682-683). The number forty is also foundational to the history of the nation of Israel, as laid out in Numbers chapters thirteen and fourteen, when the Israelites explore the promised land of Canaan for forty days, get scared to try and take it over because the people of the land are so big, rebel against God by refusing to enter, and are punished by Him by being forced to ander around the desert for forty years one year for each day they had explored the land before (Holy 105-106).

Music Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Music Research Paper Essay Without music life would be a mistake. With this eloquent statement, he expresses the magnitude of what lies at the core of every human being and that is simply our inherent love for music. It is a human necessity that strikes a chord with all of us and always seems to mark every emotion, experience, event, and time period. Music has no boundaries with its interpretations, evolutions and expressions being limitless. When The Riddle Song came to America, it was originally popular in Kentucky, and spread westward with Daniel Boone and his followers. By the early sasss, the song was known throughout a large portion of the country. The Riddle Song was apparently a favorite among pioneer children, especially, who loved to pass the long hours of their Journey with riddles and games. These riddles became especially popular with the children, since they could be sung. The Riddle Song came to us from an ancient English ballad, Captain Wideners (or Walkers) Courtship, which is also sometimes found under the name Lord Rosins Daughter. A copy of the ballad was printed in The New British Songster, a Collection of Songs, Scots and English, with Toasts and Sentiments for the Bottle in 1785, and it is said that few were more popular. This ballad features a witty man, Captain Waterbury, who wins a lady hand in marriage (or a trip to her bed, depending on the version) by solving the riddles she devises. This story serves as a counterpart for the popular ballad theme in which a clever maid wins a husband by completing riddles. The ballad itself is a very long story chronicling Wideners courtship, and The Riddle Song is composed of four of the riddles within the ballad. The ballad air entitled Captain Wideners Courtship, which can be found in The English and Scottish Popular Ballads (Viol. V) seems to have no melodic relation to the song we sing today. It is shown in this source in the key of E Major, and features the entire diatonic scale, as well as some lowered 7th scale degrees. I have not been able to uncover a bridge from the ballad air to the familiar tune of The Riddle Song, but I have discovered that despite its long history, and the great amount of space through which The Riddle Song has traveled, the variations in the song, as we know it today, re surprisingly limited. Unlike many folk songs, the beautiful melody remains virtually unchanged from written source to written source, and from recording to recording. The words, too, are basically the same, with some minor variations from source to source. Two printed sources, Front Porch Old-Time Songs Jokes and Stories: 48 Great Sing-Along Favorites, and The American Song Treasury: 100 Favorites each feature The Riddle Song in the key of F Major. The American Song Treasury, rather than a simple quadruple meter, shows the song in cut time, which I believe feels the cost authentic. In these sources, there is only one slight difference in the melodies, found on the word that in the second and third riddles of the song. The American Song Treasury shows this word on a C, the college syllable so, while the version in Front Porch Old-Time Songs Jokes and Stories show a D, or la. The only other differences in these two sources are a few slight textual variants in the second and third stanzas, which are shown below. The American Song Treasury Front Porch Old- By Collaboratively can there be a cherry that has no stones? How can there be a chicken that has no bone? How can there be a chicken that has no bones? How can there be a ring that has no end? How can there be a ring that has no end? How can there be a baby with no crying? How can there be a baby thats not crying? 3. A cherry when its blooming it has no stone A cherry when its blooming it has no stones, A chicken in an eggshell it has no bone A chicken when its piping it has no bones, A ring when its rolling it has no end A ring when its rolling it has no end, A baby when its sleeping has no crying. A baby when its sleeping theres no crying. .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 , .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .postImageUrl , .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 , .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415:hover , .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415:visited , .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415:active { border:0!important; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415:active , .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415 .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb5c19ab40c6abaa76feab3334959415:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Surrealism Research Task EssayUpon studying these text versions, it is clear that very little has changed from version to version, and that the main idea of the song has not changed at all. The greatest text variant occurs in explaining the riddle of the chicken with no bones. I imagine that the version about the chicken in the eggshell is a slightly more current one, since the term piping is not heard often. Another version of The Riddle Song, found in I Hear America Singing: Folk Songs for American Families, collected and arranged by Kathleen Krill, features what I suspect to be a slightly romanticizes text variation. The third riddle in this version, rather than giving a ring with no end, says l told my love a story that had no end and responds in the third stanza with, The story that I love you, it has no end. Although this is a very beautiful idea, it does appear to be less authentic than the previously mentioned versions featuring a ring. This version also gives the editorial suggestion Like an opera singer at the beginning of the song (which I believe would sound a little silly with the simple folk melody), and appears in the key of D major, which is much rower than the other versions. However, the book makes no secret of the fact that its songs have been arranged, and though arranged, it still features the exact same melody as the version in Front Porch Old-Time Songs Jokes and Stories. Perhaps the most instructive way to learn about this and other folk songs is to listen to a performance of the song from someone who knows it as their own, someone who probably also learned it through the oral tradition. I found two such examples of The Riddle Song recorded by Burl Ivies, and Jean Ritchie and Oscar Brand. The Burl Ivies cording from his CD The Wayfaring Stranger features a very simple combination of voice and guitar. Ivies sets a very easy, free tempo, and allows a lot of rubout, especially at the very ends of phrases. His performance style and rhythms are also much freer than any of the written sources I have found. Rather than straight quarter and half notes, there are many dotted rhythms which sound very natural, and almost extemporaneous, like they might change a little each time he performs the song. Jean Ritchie recording is a very beautiful interpretation including several guitars, accorders, and even the addition of a drum set, which is surprisingly unimposing. Ritchie also sings in duet with Oscar Brand. In this recording, she sings the first and third stanzas, while Brand sings the second stanza. Both singers then repeat the third stanza together to end the song. This version is interesting because it has clearly been arranged to include several instruments which come to the forefront in the introduction and interludes between stanzas; but they are played very characteristically and do not distract from the beauty of the melody, which has hanged very little. Ritchie and Brand, like Ivies, sing with a very relaxed and free tempo and rhythms. There are also some slight rhythmic differences in the ways The Riddle Song has remained virtually unchanged throughout the years since it arrived here in America. Rather than changing to accommodate different situations, like many songs which were adapted to fit the experiences of miners or railroad workers, for example, the original ballad was sheared down to include only four riddles whose simplicity and charm have obliged very little editing.

Economics for Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Economics for Decision Making. Answer: Introduction The report addresses the key economic indicators of Australia such as GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate and terms of trade. The indicators helps the viewers know the economic condition of nation and analyze how well is the economy performing. It helps in analyzing whether the economy is growing progressively or is degrading and the reasons for its performance. Macroeconomic policies are the policies used by the government and banks to stabilize the condition of the economy and help it achieve the set targets and goals. There are two types of macroeconomic policies that are monetary policy and fiscal policy. Monetary policies are the policies that are used to control the money supply in the economy and the government to determine tax level uses fiscal policies. The report analyzes the set target of each indicator and suggests the policies and ways the economy can achieve its set targets and goals. The primary aim of the report is to analyze the current state of Austra lian economy and its management by federal government (Downes et al., 2014). Economic indicators of Australia GDP growth rate: Gross domestic product is the monetary value of all the final goods and services produced in an economy. The GDP growth rate is used to measure the economic growth of the country and its performance in world. Unemployment rate: unemployment rate is the rate to measure joblessness in the economy. It is the number of people looking for job as a percentage of total labor force. Inflation rate: inflation rate is the rate at which the prices of goods and services in an economy rise during a certain period (Abubakar, 2016). Terms of trade: terms of trade are the price at which the goods and services are traded between two nations. It is the price of imports and exports (Deardorff, 2014). Year GDP growth rate percentage Unemployment rate percentage Inflation rate percentage Terms of trade index point Current account percentage 2005 3.2 5.0 2.7 131.1 -6.3 2006 3.0 4.8 3.5 145.5 -6.1 2007 3.8 4.4 2.3 152.4 -7.5 2008 1.8 4.2 4.4 174.6 -4.9 2009 1.8 5.6 1.8 163.0 -5.3 2010 2.0 5.1 2.8 178.9 -3.9 2011 2.4 5.1 3.3 200.4 -3.2 2012 3.6 5.2 1.8 182.0 -4.3 2013 2.4 5.7 2.5 177.0 -3.3 2014 2.5 6.1 2.5 165.1 -3.0 2015 2.2 6.1 1.5 83.3 -4.4 2016 3.3 5.7 1.6 80.5 - 2017-2020 2.7 6.00 1.90 82.34 - Table 1: Economic indicators of Australia (Source: World Bank Group, 2016). The value of Australian dollar at present is 1 Australian dollar is equal to 50.75 Indian rupee. Current macroeconomic policies of Australia Macroeconomic policies are the policies that is used by federal government and reserve bank of Australia to stabilize the economy and help the economy achieve set targets and goals. Monetary policy: Monetary policies are policies set by the reserve bank of Australia to control the money supply in the economy and the economic growth rate. The main component of monetary policy is cash rate or the rate of interest. Cash rate is the rate at which the reserve bank lends money to commercial banks. Investment and demand depends of this cash rate only. Lower the interest rate higher will be money supply and investment in the economy and higher the rate of inflation. The tools of monetary policies are Open Market Ratio (OMO), bank interest rates or the cash rates in terms of Australia; Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) (Fenna, 2013). Year Real Interest rate percentage 2010 6.2 2011 1.5 2012 4.8 2013 6.4 2014 4.5 2015 6.3 2016 2.25 Table 2: Interest rate in Australia (Source: World Bank Group, 2016). Figure: Interest rate changes in Australia (Source: created by author) The above table indicates that the Reserve bank of Australia is decreasing the cash rate or the interest rate in order to increase the money supply in the economy and boost investment. The loans are available at lesser rate that will encourage new start-ups in the economy. This policy is mainly adopted to solve the problem of unemployment (Shimer, 2012). Monetary policy affects the interest rate and ultimately the rate of inflation. Monetary policies are used to achieve full unemployment, price stability, economic prosperity and welfare of the people of Australia. The inflation target is usually set at 2-3 percent in order to ensure sustainable growth (Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government., 2016). Since, Australia adopts floating exchange rate the monetary policy includes management of short-term interest rates to achieve domestic policy. The Reserve Bank Act 1959 states the objectives of monetary policies in Australia as: Stabilizing the currency of the nation, Achieving full employment level in Australia, Maximizing economic prosperity and welfare of the people (Gal, 2015). The investment in the Australian economy is decreasing. The Reserve Bank of Australia has decided to reduce the cash rate to encourage investment in the economy. This is also done to improve the unemployment rate and solve the problem of joblessness. The above analysis shows that the interest rate is falling from the year 2011. The main tool of monetary policy is the interest rate that greatly affects the monetary policy of the economy. The main objective is to control the money supply in the economy to stimulate growth, achieve high employment, increase GDP and maintain the inflation rate (Fraser et al., 2014). Fiscal policy Fiscal policies are policies used by the government to control the functioning of the economy by altering the government expenditure and tax rates. The two main tools of fiscal policies are tax rate and government expenditure. When the government wants to stimulate the growth condition in the economy it increases the government spending and decreases the tax rate. This will increase the money supply in the economy and stimulate demand (Auerbach Gorodnichenko, 2013). The main aim of the Federal government in Australia is to improve the unemployment rates, control inflation, and stabilize the price and the business conditions. This is controlled through government spending and fiscal policies by the government of Australia. The multiplier of government expenditure is greater than one while the multiplier of taxes is negative. There is a need for the government to expand its infrastructure in order to improve unemployment rate. The infrastructure is well developed that indicate that the concentration of the government is on improving the infrastructure (Hansen, 2013). Analysis Figure: GDP growth rate (Source: created by author) Figure: unemployment rate (Source: created by author) Figure: inflation rate (Source: created by author) The above table indicates that Australian economy is growing and the economic performance is improving. The economy of Australia is growing faster than expected by the economists. The main reason for the growth of the economy of Australia is mining of iron ore and exporting natural resources to China and other developing countries. The rate of inflation is low as the prices of the commodities are falling in the Australian economy (Lowe, 2012). The Australian economy is facing current account deficit, as the values of imports is higher than the exports. Since the economy of China has transformed from investment economy to service sector economy, the demand for commodities as decreased. Exports of Australia have decreased due to this reason, which is why current account is in deficit. Australia is in thirteenth position in the world in terms of growth (Manalo et al., 2015). Conclusion The above analysis shows that the main aim of the government in Australia is to improve the unemployment rate and stabilize the economy of Australia. The policy adopted by the Australian government aims at achieving the set inflation target rate and improving the unemployment rate. The economy uses the tool of interest rate and government expenditure to achieve its goals and objectives. It is essential for the government to increase its expenditure in order to improve the unemployment rate and achieve the set forecast. The economy of Australia is growing faster than expected that is bad for the economy as it will not be able to cope up with the growth. The current account of the economy is in deficit, which should be taken account by the reserve bank of Australia. It is essential for the economy to increase its exports and reduce imports in order to improve trade. Adopting right policies will help the economy achieve better goals. The main problem with the Australian economy is regar ding the high unemployment rate while the inflation rate is within the set inflation target. References Abubakar, A. M. (2016). Inflation Targeting as a Monetary Policy Framework: A Critical Appraisal.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(6). Auerbach, A. J., Gorodnichenko, Y. (2013). Output spillovers from fiscal policy.The American Economic Review,103(3), 141-146. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. (2016). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ Data | The World Bank. (2016). Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://data.worldbank.org/ Deardorff, A. V. (2014).Terms of trade: glossary of international economics. World Scientific. Downes, P., Hanslow, K., Tulip, P. (2014).The effect of the mining boom on the Australian economy. Reserve Bank of Australia. Fenna, A. (2013). The economic policy agenda in Australia, 19622012.Australian Journal of Public Administration,72(2), 89-102. Fraser, P., Macdonald, G. A., Mullineux, A. W. (2014). Regional monetary policy: An Australian perspective.Regional Studies,48(8), 1419-1433. Gal, J. (2015).Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Hansen, A. H. (2013).Fiscal policy business cycles. Routledge. Lowe, P. (2012). The changing structure of the Australian economy and monetary policy.The Recent Economic Performance of the States 1 Trends in National Saving and Investment 9 The Distribution of Household Wealth in Australia: Evidence from the 2010 HILDA Survey 19 Indias Steel Industry 29, 79. Manalo, J., Perera, D., Rees, D. M. (2015). Exchange rate movements and the Australian economy.Economic Modelling,47, 53-62. ODonnell, C. J. (2014). An economic approach to identifying the drivers of productivity change in the market sectors of the Australian economy.Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis Working Papers WP02/2014. Shahiduzzaman, M., Alam, K. (2014). Information technology and its changing roles to economic growth and productivity in Australia.Telecommunications Policy,38(2), 125-135. Shimer, R. (2012). Reassessing the ins and outs of unemployment.Review of Economic Dynamics,15(2), 127-148. Tranding Economics | 300.000 INDICATORS from 196 COUNTRIES. (2016). Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/

Richelsons The Wizards of Langley Inside the CIAs Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review

Richelson offers an authentic account of the development and evolution of directorate of science and technology at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CIA started its work in reports’ department before becoming an agency of scientific intelligence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Richelson’s The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The agency adopted science and technology as part of clandestine surveillance in its events in 1968. Some of the most noteworthy facilities acquired by the agency included the Corona photographic reconnaissance satellite and U-2 airplane (Richelson 54). These programs faced much criticism at first. However, the intelligence technology through use of satellites finally caught the hearts of officials in 1960 and later in 1980’s, after they realized that the programs did not leave any room for susceptibility. Some of these officials of CIA were Allen Dulles who was the director and Eisenhower, the President. These two officials turned into firm supporters of the programs after they learnt that no gap for planned bombing prevailed as the U-2 missions revealed. The deals of the agency went on well until it ruined Bay Pigs in 1961. This annoyed the then U.S. president John Kennedy and what followed was the firing of Bissell who was a leader in the team that directed the attack. Bissel had also played a key role in developing satellite and aerial survey mediums to keep an eye on the Soviet tactical challenge. Following the Cuban fiasco, Wheelon became the directorate of the intelligence programs. Land and Killian nominated him when they realized that Kennedy wanted to stay far from the CIA. Their argument was that the programs were too intricate for military managers and that it was necessary to merge science and technology in a fresh CIA directorate. Follo wing appointment, Wheelon aided construction of a first class scientific laboratory, which executed advanced research in intelligence, medicine and military.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The agency’s scientists also came up with systems for measuring the level of activity in Soviet atomic spots as well as a method of identifying breast tumor. Other systems developed by CIA scientists included retrieval machines as well as systems for translating languages. These scientists also created systems for identifying ghost aircrafts as well as human faces. Production of apparatus that could detect people’s faces was an excellent defense strategy in fighting terrorism. Later, CIA experts steered the killings of Fidel Castro and Lumumba. CIA technicians made pills with poison as well as strange murder arms, which they used to assassinate the two heroes. The agency handed the pill s to mafia who plotted the killing of Fidel. CIA continued with producing drugs at science and technology directorate until when the media uncovered this deal. Later, an army man who was responsible for drug production at the agency committed suicide. Richelson gives an account of how the agency made use of science and technology for surveillance through tradecraft. The agency created apparatus that could mask voices and alter their bodily looks. Another scheme involved wiring a listening device to a cat so that it could record transmitted information from different areas. However, this scheme failed after a vehicle hit it hard in Paris. As explained by Richelson, successes of science and technology directorate were extraordinary, since their technical group was very efficient. Policy makers used information from surveillance to make regulations about disarmament. The directorate ensured that all arms sold to the Soviet Union underwent scrutiny by the CIA.Advertising We will wr ite a custom essay sample on Richelson’s The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The intelligence collected by CIA assisted in winning many fights. For instance, the agency offered satellite intelligence to President Nixon and he succeeded in signing an accord pertaining arms control against the wish of the military. The agency also led to the signing of ABM treaty after persuading critics that the Soviet-surface-air missile apparatus was different from an anti-ballistic apparatus. Richelson depicts the CIA as a super agency. However, anyone will wonder why the agency did not foresee the collapse of the Soviet Union. The politicization that occurred during the reign of Casey and Gates addresses this query. The leaders manipulated estimations of CIA on Soviet militia power to rationalize the huge spending in U.S. defense force. For instan ce, the amount that Gates claimed to have spent on defense program differed from photography results. Thus, the CA failed to consider the information collected by photography and this shows that the CIA betrayed its role as an agent between policy and intelligence. Another thing that Richelson fails to consider is the fall of science and technology at the CIA, after the directorates of intelligence failed to realize the value of scientific unearthing. During the reign of Casey and William Colby, critics attacked the directorate leading to its fall. Richelson, however, does not mention or consider this occurrence in his work. Severe failure followed the decline of the agency’s science and technology directorates. For instance, both Chinese embassy and Sudan experienced bombing in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The nuclear program in India also lacked supervision. In addition, CIA directorate explains that the agency was not able to endorse the test restriction treaty and this ma de Clinton‘s government to lose senate endorsement.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Presently, the CIA is unable to stay advanced in the field of communication intelligence due to control by military. Terrorists have advanced systems of communications, which they use to send swift messages and this undermines the intelligence when gathering information. This shortcoming together with the incompetency of the intelligence communities when it comes to analyzing all collected data led to the failure of CA to predict the attacks staged against America in 2001. The fact that the senate select committee on intelligence has ignored to weigh reasons that led to the fall of science and technology directorate is quite sad. The senate select committee supervises the CIA and therefore, it should have investigated the reason behind the fall as well as the effect of this fall on the scientific side of the intelligence society. The cases of Land, Killian and Wheelon should act as reference point to the committee on how to apply science on intelligence. Besides, the committee shoul d scrutinize the behavior of directors who made first research to end paving way for scientific application. In conclusion, Richelson describes various achievements of the CIA. The agency is the root of most accomplishments of intelligence technology. Some of the most noteworthy facilities acquired by the agency include the Corona photographic reconnaissance satellite and U-2 airplane. Use of technical systems like satellites and reconnaissance aircraft has assisted in watching over arms control and this has solved many disputes among nuclear powers. CIA has also led to many scientific advances especially in the medical field. Thus, we cannot ignore the contributions of CIA to modern intelligence technology. Works Cited Richelson, Jeffrey. The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Boulder, MD: West view Press, 2002. Print. This essay on Richelson’s The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Book Review was written and submitted by user Gunner Parsons to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.